What unique aspect does the Orphan Drug Act of 1983 target?

The Orphan Drug Act of 1983 specifically focuses on addressing the needs related to rare diseases, defined as those affecting fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. This legislation was developed to encourage the pharmaceutical industry to research and develop drugs for conditions that may not be financially viable for investment because of their limited patient population. By offering various incentives, such as tax credits, grants for clinical research, and seven years of market exclusivity post-approval, the act aims to stimulate the development of orphan drugs that would otherwise be neglected due to the small market size. This unique targeting of rare diseases is integral to improving treatment options for patients who suffer from these conditions, which may not receive adequate attention through traditional drug development channels.